They are all called “knives.” Yet in the world of HS classification, these seemingly identical objects can fall under entirely different chapters – depending on what they’re made of and what they’re made for.

This case study reveals how HS codes reflect not only materials but also purpose and function – two pillars that define accurate customs classification.

Material Determines the Chapter

When a knife is designed for kitchen or table use, its material becomes the key to classification.

• Stainless Steel Knife HS Code 8211.92
  Classified under Chapter 82 (Tools, implements, cutlery of base metal) – “Table knives having fixed blades of base metal.”
• Ceramic Knife HS Code 6912.00
  Falls under Chapter 69 (Ceramic products) – “Tableware and kitchenware.”
• Plastic Knife HS Code 3924.10
  Found in Chapter 39 (Plastics) – “Tableware and kitchenware.”

Even though all are “knives,” their classification shifts from Chapter 39 to 69 to 82, solely based on composition.

The Exception – Classification by Purpose

Sometimes, material isn’t the deciding factor at all.

• Combat or Survival Knife HS Code 9307.00
  Despite being made of stainless steel, it’s classified as a weapon, not as cutlery.
  Chapter 93 (Arms and Ammunition) – “Swords, cutlasses, bayonets, and similar arms.”

Why? Because its design and function clearly serve a military or defensive purpose – overriding material-based classification.

When determining HS codes, always ask:

• What is it made of?
• What is it made for?

The answer can entirely change the classification – and your duty rate.

Multifaceted HS Classification

This “knife paradox” is a perfect illustration of how General Interpretative Rules (GIR 1-6) must be applied together – balancing:

• Material composition (GIR 1 & 2)
• Essential character (GIR 3(b))
• Intended purpose and design (GIR 1 + Explanatory Notes)

An accurate HS decision comes from viewing the product through multiple lenses – material, function, and use.

In customs classification, “a knife is never just a knife.”
It’s a reminder that context matters and every product tells a story that must be understood before assigning a code. Source: www.customsmanager.org